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Symbolism is a powerful literary device employed by creative writers to express reflective themes, emotions, and social commentary within the fabric of their narratives. The scarecrow, (بجوکا) a seemingly mundane figure, has captured the imaginations of short-story writers for generations. The scarecrow emerges as a complex symbol, embodying themes such as isolation, protection, identity, and the juxtaposition of the natural and the artificial. Through a close reading of select texts and an exploration of critical interpretations, this research aims to elucidate the scarecrow's capacity to resonate with readers on profound levels. Furthermore, this research delves into the socio-cultural contexts that have influenced the scarecrow's portrayal in literature, shedding light on its transformation from a utilitarian agricultural tool to a rich metaphorical device. By examining the scarecrow's evolution, we gain insight into how short-stories reflect and respond to changing perceptions of the rural, the agrarian, and the human condition. Thus, unravels the scarecrow's intricate tapestry of symbolism within fiction. Through an exploration of its literary representations and a contextual examination of its socio-cultural significance, this research contributes to the broader understanding of symbolism in literature while celebrating the enduring allure of a seemingly ordinary figure in the world of fiction.

A literary writer and critic with broad vision and multi dimensional insight reflects diversity of thoughts with individual style for inspiration of global society with a clarity of theme and theory is Dr.Muhammad kamran whose talent of critical thinking has been acknowledged through creation of Angaray, where food for thought and brainstorming is ready to agitate against system of exploitation. Determination and destiny are change agents on chess table of life. Undeniable social rules and acknowledged social realities have been pen pricked by the writer to challenge system of monopoly and authority. Reflection of phenomenology with originality of thought is one of the distinguished attributes in all his work clearly evident by his contemporaries. This article is an effort to explore the literary and criticism potential of Dr. Muhammad kamran. Bearance, commitment and survival are forces strongly correlated with struggle as per considered view point of Dr. Muhammad kamran. Author of the article has social interaction with under discussion personality and his contribution in literature.

Ashraf Shad is a contemporary poet, researcher and novelist. He is the author of many books. In Poetry, Nisab, Aa mare Kareeb Aa, Akhbar Ishq jab kh Bewatan, while in novel; Wazeer-e-Aazam, Sadr-e-mohtram and Judge Sahib. He has exposed the criminals spread in the society. A serious crime like murder is committed to save wealth and then the criminal is acquitted honorably by buying the lawyers. He has the ability to speak and have mastery over the art of creation. He has boldly and audaciously adapted political themes into literature. In this article, the crimes in the novel "Judge Sahib" are depicted.

In Iqbal's poetry and prose, the complete history of the independence movement and the establishment of Pakistan is presented. In which the dream of a separate homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent and then the story of the struggle to achieve this dream is present with its complete background. Although Iqbal's early poetry, the color of love for a united nation and a united India is prominent. But the interdependence and disunity of the Indian nations made him sad. He wished that the people of India should live a life of love, brotherhood, participation and cooperation. While the situation was the opposite.. He is a denier of the old world and a bearer of knowledge of the new world who The lamps of the Muslims are seen burning even in the strong wind. Iqbal considers the people as the capital of nation building and a force that shapes the destiny of the nation.

The history of Urdu short story starts from the twentieth century. Prem Chand and Pandit Badri Nath Sadarshan were the great short story writers of this era. Imperative study of Hajj-e Akbar and Teerath Yatra, shows that there is a sincerity of subject in it but both of writers reflect civilizations in different way. Prem Chand having great look on Muslim tradition and Islamic values, while sadarshan showed great reflection of Hindu tradition. This article having critical approach towards subject and presentation will help the scholars to know about writers and this style.

The events that take place in the society have a deep impact on the minds of people. Because of which strange questions start to arise in the hearts of people with sensitive nature. They begin to look at the universe, life, religions, science and ideas from a new perspective. From these initial whispers, an important question emerges that what is the relation of poetry to daily life? Why is one's feelings expressed in poetry? The real beauty of poetry is to mold the words in such an acceptable form for the dull and spotty faces of the common people due to the traumas and experiences in the cruel slaps of the times that it can provide some relief for the audience. So that instead of being fed up with life, they find beauty and quality in it and fight for life instead of death.

This article explores the process of critical theory formation. Variations and diversity in the meaning of classical, modern, and contemporary critical theory are identified and explored through an understanding of the term "theoria" from the ancient Greek period. How much diversity has been created by epistemology in the formation of theory and what is the role of theory in the interpretation of literature, it is explained in this article. In this study, the theoretical possibilities are also discussed, and sought out the diversity from ancient to contemporary concept of theory.

In Urdu short fiction, it is an interesting factor regarding global phenomena that the writers of fiction have incorporated Japanese civilization, history and culture in a good way. These stories show that Japanese civilization and culture is one of the oldest human civilizations. There is one. The Japanese protected their cultural elements very well. In the context of the Second Great Gang, the whole world is aware of the tragic disaster in Japan, but after this nuclear disaster, the way this nation went on the path of development. From Saadat Hasan Manto, Qaratul Ain Haider, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Khawaja Ahmad Abbas and Krishan Chandra to the modern fiction writers Hamid Siraj and Ahmad Sagheer, Japanese civilization and history have been described in different ways in their stories.

Akhtar-ul-Iman is a significant name of modern Urdu poetry. Akhtar's poems debate important existential and social issues beyond the traditional themes. His poems reflect specific cultural items. He has specific ideology about poetry, and he considers poetry as a useful task rather than a mere chore. His poems are not the product of a single moment but there is a coherent thought system behind them. One of the characteristics of his personality is that he was not fond of exposing his poems but wanted to make his poems effective and useful. This is the reason why he used to have a critical view of his own poems. At first, his poems did not get the acceptance they deserved, but soon his poetry made its place in the field of modern Urdu poetry. When critics turned towards Akhtar’s poetry, his individuality became more evident. The popularity of his themes also attracted the attention of translators and English translations of his poems came into existence. However, there is no research based on the merits and demerits of these translations. "Apahaj Gaari Ka Aadmi" is an important poem of Akhtar-ul-Iman that has been translated into English. This paper presents a critical study of the said English translation.

Soon after the advent of cinema of the television, the narratives of popular of classical novels and short stories were used to adapt these as feature films and screen plays. The adaptations and transformations of the text sometimes create parallel text, as it may happen in translating a work. A number of Urdu novels and short stories have been adapted in India and Pakistan. Both of the states have used cinema and television as Ideological State Apparatus. The present study analysis the adaptation of the famous novel “Aangan” as TV serial by “Hum TV”, Pakistan and “Door Darshan Urdu”, India. It makes a comparative study as to how much the productions have been faithful to the text of the novel and how the Ideological State Apparatus has been applied۔

The poetry of Mustafa Zaidi delves deep into the intricate realms of human emotion, exploring the profound psychological aspects of grief, loneliness, and sadness. This article explores how Zaidi's poetic works serve as a poignant reflection of the human psyche, providing a unique insight into the complex interplay of these emotions in the context of personal and universal experiences.

After First and Second World War, new impulses and situations arose in literature. In them, every impulse led to some naive writing–style and techniques. For instance, at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th Century, Modernism impulse commenced, proclaiming to change prevalent genre, writing style and ideology. From womb of Modernism, arose stream of consciousness technique, abstract and absurd technique etc. After modernism, at start of 20th century, Postmodernism (theory or condition) appeared. Postmodernism left its bosom broad to give it some definition, making it a bit vast. So like modernism, some techniques also merged from postmodernism, wherein, irony, playfulness, black humor, faction, participation, metafiction, historiographic metafiction, pastiche, paranoia, intertextuality, temporal distortion, maximalism and magical realism are worthy to mention. Putting aside all the aforementioned techniques, this article comprises of introduction to Magical Realism, historical background and its commencement. It has completely overviewed those historical events like first and second world wars, wrecked condition of Germany, Latin American’s dark time; it has included technique of magical realism.

Knowledge of phonetics and Phonemes is of fundamental importance for the understanding of a language. Linguistics also discusses the history, evolution, and interrelationship of these languages. Every subject that is directly or indirectly related to language falls under the scope of linguistics, whether, it is related to lexicography, rule writing, phonetics, phonemics, stylistics, morphology or any field. Phonetics and phoneme are the two main branches of linguistics, Phonetics usually emphasizes the pronunciation of sounds, the place of pronunciation, and the style of pronunciation, whereas phonemes do not give much importance to the pronunciation of sounds, i.e. it is not seen what the pronunciation of the word is, how it is played or which organs are moved when playing the letters. Whereas phonemes usually examine the sounds that are semantically important, and these sounds are considered to be the basic sounds of the language, which are meaningful. The presence or absence of a phoneme in the word changes the meaning of the word. Therefore, these branches of linguistics must be understood by the language expert and a common reader, they make it easier to understand the meaning, style of play, meaning and pronunciation of the words.

Migration is a very chronic and multidimensional phenomenon of human life. It is a very prominent topic of literature also. In perspective of the partition of India a huge migration of the history has took placed. This migration affects bitterly human life and literature in Pakistan. In this regard a huge volume of Urdu novels has been published in Pakistan. These Novels are valuable due to their socio- historic impact. In this article researcher has tried to evaluate the presentation of migration as a topic in Pakistani Urdu Novel.